Commentary

Can a Christian Perish?

Sin unto death (1 John 5:16)

Published since 05. Dec. 2025
Bible passages:
1 John 5:16

“If any one see his brother sinning a sin not unto death, he will ask, and he will give him life, for those that do not sin unto death. There is a sin to death: I do not say of that that he should make a request” (1 John 5:16).

“If any one see his brother sinning a sin not unto death, he will ask, and he will give him life, for those that do not sin unto death. There is a sin to death: I do not say of that that he should make a request” (1 John 5:16).

Since it says in many translations: “There is a sin to death”, it is believed that a certain sin is meant here that cannot be forgiven but leads to eternal damnation.

As the context shows, it is a matter of brotherly intercession for a Christian who has sinned and is therefore chastised by God (cf. Jas. 5:15–16). The death mentioned here is not eternal damnation, but bodily death. We have seen that the salvation of believers is certain. But if a believer sins, God, in His holiness and righteousness, can chastise him for it without calling into question his eternal salvation in the least.

Two examples in the New Testament may illustrate this. In Corinth, many were “weak and infirm”, and a good number of them had “fallen asleep”, i.e. died (1 Cor. 11:30). They had so dishonoured God by their behaviour at the Lord’s supper that He had called them away from the earth. Ananias and Sapphira, in the bright beginning of the assembly, had publicly lied to God and His Holy Spirit and therefore died on the spot (Acts 5:1–11). In the case of the believers in Corinth, it is explicitly added that the sicknesses and deaths were a punishment because they had not judged themselves. They were chastened by the Lord so that they would not be condemned with the world (1 Cor. 11:32). This makes it quite clear that they really were true believers. In the case of Ananias and Sapphira this is not stated so clearly, but there is no reason to doubt that they too were believers.

So the “sin to death” does not mean a particular sin that cannot be forgiven and leads to eternal damnation. In Corinth it was a matter of dishonourable behaviour at the Lord’s supper, and in Ananias and Sapphira’s case it was a lie. When John writes: “There is a sin to death”, then in principle it could well be any sin, which under certain circumstances in which God is seriously dishonoured, that could lead to bodily death. To recognize this and to know that in such a case no intercession should take place, the Holy Spirit can make clear to a spiritual and sober Christian.

That God our Father does not forgive certain sins of His beloved children even if they are sincerely confessed is a thought that is completely contrary to the teaching of Scripture. The blasphemy of the Spirit, on the other hand, which cannot be forgiven, was a sin committed by unbelieving enemies of the Lord Jesus (see the chapter, ‘Blasphemy of the Spirit’). Every sinner who comes to the Lord Jesus in repentance and faith receives eternal forgiveness of all his sins, and every child of God who has sinned and confesses this is granted perfect forgiveness by God the Father: “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and righteous to forgive us our sins and clean us from all unrighteousness” (1 John 1:9; see the chapter, ‘Forgiveness’).

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